14 Tevet 5776 / 25-26 December 2015
Thursday, December 24, 2015
DOES YOUR FATHER YET LIVE?
14 Tevet 5776 / 25-26 December 2015
Thursday, December 10, 2015
REPENTANCE, REDEMPTION AND FORGIVENESS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REPENTANCE, REDEMPTION AND FORGIVENESS
"And Joseph said to them, 'This is what I spoke to you, saying, you are spies.'" Genesis 42:14
The sons of Jacob are put to the test. In order to demonstrate that they are not spies, they must bring Joseph's full brother, Benjamin, before the viceroy of
Nechama Leibowitz suggests that this is also a test of whether they have done teshuvah - to see if they have repented of what they did to Joseph. She cites Maimonides, who teaches that the test of true repentance is whether, given the opportunity to commit the same sin, the sinner refrains - out of repentance, rather than fear or weakness.
The brothers agree to the demand. But another aspect of teshuvah is admission - one must acknowledge and accept responsibility for the transgression. This they do, at verse 21, when "They said to each other, 'We are being punished on account of our brother, for we saw the anguish of his soul as he pleaded with us, and we would not hear.'" According to Rabbi David of Lilov, only then did their redemption begin - only then did God fill Joseph's heart with love and mercy.
Perhaps only then was Joseph able to forgive them. Repentance is a multi-step process. Neither words nor deeds alone suffice. The same is true of forgiveness. Ultimately, Joseph forgives not with mere words, but with hugs and kisses and gifts and acceptance - and reunion. It leads to one of the happiest scenes in the Torah. Try repenting for the hurt you've given others - try forgiving for the hurt you've endured. Hear the anguish of another's soul. You have nothing to lose but your unhappiness.
I wish you a Shabbat Shalom and a continuing Chag Urim Sameach - a Shabbat and a Hanukkah of peace and light, joy and wisdom.
Thursday, December 3, 2015
WE’RE NO ANGELS
23 Kislev 5776 / 4-5 December 2015
Torah: Genesis 37:1 - 40:23
Haftarah: Amos 2:6 - 3:8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A man found (Joseph) wandering in the fields. The man asked him, "What are you looking for?" He answered, "I am looking for my brothers. Could you tell me where they are pasturing?" The man said, "They have gone from here, for I heard them say, 'Let us go to
This meeting between Joseph and the man appears to be pure happenstance. If so, we might ask, what would have happened had they not met? No slavery for Joseph and the Israelites, no Exodus from
Wednesday, November 25, 2015
NAME CHANGE
Haftarah: Obadiah 1:1-21
---------------------------------------------------
'And (the angel) said to him, "What is your name?" And he said, "Jacob." And he said, "No longer will it be said that your name is Jacob, but Israel; for you have striven with God and with man and have prevailed."' Genesis 32:28-29
When a person converts to Judaism, the final step is immersion in a mikvah. When the convert emerges, s/he is given a new name. It is a symbol of rebirth, by prevailing in a trial by water, if you will. The change of identity coincides with the change in status. But it occurs only after a lengthy period of study, practice and reflection, confronting the past and facing the future, a struggle with humans and the Divine.
How, then, was Jacob reborn? Other than the change of name, how had he become different? The answer, I think, lies not in the final struggle with the angel, the symbolic trial by combat, but rather in the vast change Jacob had undergone since he left his parents' house 22 years previously. He confronted himself, and no longer cared for his own safety, but for that of his wives and children. He faced down Laban and finally escaped from his clutches. He looked at God face to face, and asked for confirmation of the covenant with Abraham and Isaac. The wrestling match and the name change were the culmination of years of personal development, of discerning the ways of God and man.
Each of us is a Jacob. Each of us also has the potential to convert, to change, to grow and improve, to become Israel, one who wrestles with God, with other people and with the self. But we earn the change of name, the rebirth, only if we are prepared to engage in the necessary struggles to change ourselves and our world. It is not about resistance, but gaining knowledge and wisdom, acting in a purposeful way, and living a life of meaning.
Tuesday, November 24, 2015
FIRST THINGS FIRST
Haftarah – Hosea 12:13 – 14:10 (Ashkenazim); Hosea 11:7 – 12:12 (Sephardim)
------------------------------------------------------
FIRST THINGS FIRST
“And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, ‘If God will be with me, and will guard me on this way that I am going, and will give me food to eat and clothing to wear, and I return in peace to my father’s house, then the Lord shall be my God.’” Genesis 28:20-21.
This is a somewhat troubling vow. Jacob seems to be saying that he will accept God as his God only if God grants his request for food, clothing and safety. One might say that, after all, Jacob is only human, and we humans make this kind of bargain all the time. “If I am cured of this disease, I will start putting on tefillin regularly.” “If I pass this exam, I will go the synagogue every Shabbat.” But it is unseemly in one of the Patriarchs.
Rabbi S. Z. Heller says that what Jacob is really saying is, “then I will be able to serve You properly.” He continues: We don’t say “Adon Olam” (Master of the Universe, the concluding hymn on Shabbat morning) until after we have said “Ma Tovu” (How Goodly Are Your Tents, the prayer said upon entering the synagogue). One’s physical needs must be attended to before one can engage in spiritual practice.
This brings to mind the teaching of Rabbi Israel Salanter, the founder of the Musar (ethics) movement. Rather than concerning oneself with one’s own physical needs and the spiritual lives of others, one should first attend to the physical needs of others and one’s own spiritual life. We can’t save souls unless we first save the bodies.
YOU GET WHAT YOU DESERVE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YOU GET WHAT YOU DESERVE
“May God (Elohim) give you of the dew of heaven, and the fat of the land, and plenty of wheat and wine.” Genesis 27:28
Rashi: Why is the name of God that is used here the one that refers to His attribute of justice? To teach that He will treat you with justice. If you deserve it (the blessing), He will give it to you, and if not, He will not give it to you.
Oznayim Latorah: Wheat, i.e., bread, is one of the necessities of life, but wine is a luxury, which only those who can afford to will use. Isaac in this blessing hints that those who can afford it may ONLY (my emphasis) drink wine if there is plenty of wheat, for both the poor and the rich, and if there are no hungry people in the land. But, if there is not “plenty of wheat” in the land, if there is a shortage of bread, then even those who can afford to may not drink wine, and should instead use the money in order to buy bread for the poor.
This idea of foregoing luxuries, even when we can afford them, in order to provide others with necessities, goes against much if not all that our increasingly selfish and libertarian-leaning society teaches us. As is so often the case, Torah can be truly counter-cultural, if not revolutionary in its teachings.
Shabbat Shalom!
Thursday, November 19, 2015
This Week in Israel
So, first a couple of things I neglected to mention imediately after shabbat. They gave me a metal key rather than fix my electronic lock. On my walk back to the hotel after visiting the beach, I saw two interesting things. One was a rundown house a block from the beach, along some of the most expensive real estate in Israel, with chickens in the yard. The second was a new apartment building going up, probably very expensive, wih a billboard in front, promoting a radio station contest called "Eifoh hakesef" - Where is the money? Indeed.
On Sunday, we first went to Caesarea. The Roman ruins spoke to me - they said, "Nothing, no edifice, no nation, is forever." And I wondered, how long can the state of Israel last, especially as it is presently constituted? How long can this nation built on the suffering of its ancestors continue to exist while it imposes suffering on another people? Perhaps a hopeful answer to that question follows below.
Later, in Haifa, we saw the beautiful Bahai Gardens, built by a group that teaches that all true religious paths, together, lead to the same place, to the same God, to a place of shalem (completeness) and shalom (peace). Wishful thinking, or truth? God only knows.
Akko was depressing. The Crusader and Turkish structures tell the same story one finds all over Israel - nation after nation, people after people, fighting over this little piece of sand and rock. Same as it ever was. The Arab population in the alleys leading to the wharf looked at us with nothing less than hatred - in their eyes, we clearly had no right to be there. The muezzin called out the prayers of late afternoon, and regardless of whether Islam is a religion of peace or of jihad, they seemed to want no part of it. None took out their prayer rugs, and only two men could be seen in the little mosque as we walked past.
A stop at Tishbi Winery. As I had warned our fellow travelers at the outset, the whites were drinkable, the reds were plonk. The reds in the Golan are much better. Rain, real rain. Nice. The rooms and dinner at Kibbutz Lavi, one of the few remaining true kibbutzim, and a religious one at that, were delightful.
Monday. First, Tzefat, with its kabbalism and its famous rabbis and its changed population. The municipal art center has a number of works by Nicky Imber, a truly amazing personality. The only person to escape from Dachau. He sculpted for himself a mask of one of the SS officers, stole a uniform, and walked out of the camp. That is maybe the ballsiest Shoah story I have ever heard. In the shuk, we run into a colleague from Los Angeles who made aliyah a few years ago. Got some kippot for Robert, and ate an amazing Yemenite sandwich made from teff, the Ethiopian grain. A real treat - there is culinary creativity in Israel.
A jeep trip in the Golan, via another true agricultural kibbutz, the name of which escapes me. One of the drivers made herbal tea from the plants he grows in his garden, The best! Above Quneitra, at a high point overlooking Syria, we learn that there is often gunfire below, between various rebel groups, and those groups and the Assad army. If shells from them wander into Israel, always by accident, rockets are launched by the Israelis to remind them to watch their fire. I don't see how Israel could ever return Golan to Syria. Will Syria even exist in a few years? We run back to the bus because we've been caught in an amazing thunderstorm!
Tuesday, so it must be Tverya (Tiberias). The grave of the Rambam is a mess - so disrespectful. Also buried there is the Shlah - Rabbi Isaiah Horowitz. His grave is no better off. Tverya is rundown. Off the beaten path, there is little industry there. At Beit Alpha, near the place where King Saul fell on his sword, on the grounds of another working kibbutz, there is a fully intact mosaic synagogue floor from the Byzantine era. The craftsmanship is fair, the use of astrological symbols, like in Tzippori, is astonishing.
On to Jerusalem!
After driving through more rain (!), we are greeted by a cool breeze and bright sunshine. In Tverya, I had bought a bottle of J&B, so at the overlook at Mt. Scopus, we make a l'chaim and a shechechianu. I'm drinking more of it now - you can't take it with you! The mosques and churches stand out - the synagogues are invisible, thought there are hundreds in Jerusalem. The Dan Panorama has been fixed up - much nicer than the last time I was here. For dinner, I look for the rundown falafel/shwarma place I used to visit on Ben Yehudah, but it's gone. Nothing lasts forever but the earth and sky. Dinner at Rimmon is pretty good.
Wednesday. At HaKotel HaMa'arivi, the Western Wall, we take the tunnel tour. I wonder how many people died building the Second Temple and the rest of the edifices to satisfy the megalomania of Herod the Great. All gone. The local tour guide, a religious woman, claims in all sincerity that at this very spot, Cain killed Abel, Noah built his ark, and Abraham attempted to slaughter Isaac. She fails to say that this is all midrash. Dan and I have to unpack all of this with the group after we emerge and walk back through the Arab Quarter. More eyes shooting daggers at us. Back at the Wall, the members of the group, but neither Dan nor I, go to the wall to pray. I consider it avodah zara, stange worship, and I think also of the houses that were destroyed in order to expand the plaza.
At Robinson's Arch and the completed excavations on the south end, one gets another sense of scale - of both the hugeness of the Temple Mount and of the total warfare waged by the Romans. Apparently, the rabbanut wants to take this place too and turn it into an ultra-Orthodox synagogue. Jewishly speaking, it's their way or the highway. Diversity is a word unknown to them.
The Hurva (destroyed) synagogue, most recently trashed by the Jordanians, has been rebuilt for a third time. It's magnificent. The Four Sephardi synagogues, each beautiful in its own way, have been taken over by Ashkenazic worshippers. More evidence of who's in charge here.
After a drink with a colleague who made aliyah decades ago, dinner with congregants at an Asian Fusion restaurant. The bao are Vietnamese sliders - I have one with roast duck, one with asado, and wash it down with sake. Excellent!
Thursday. Two of our travelers, and our guide, have the trots. This does not bode well. At the Knesset, our guide tells one of my favorite jokes about Israel. There were two brothers who loved each other. At the spot where they fell into each others' arms, the Temple was built. There were two brothers who hated each other. At the spot where they beat the crap out of each other, the Knesset was built.
Israel Museum is a lot of fun. The scale model of Second Temple Jerusalem is cool, and the exhibit of Neolithic and Chalcolithic Ancient Israel is really good. At the synagogue exhibit, I notice again, as I had at the Istanbuli Synagogue in the Old City, that the Sephardi Torah breastplates are in the shape of a half-moon and star - Muslim symbols. Interesting syncretism. I wander off to the sculpture garden at the top of the museum. The sculptures are hideous - the view is simply awesome. I eat a sandwich while overlooking the scale model of Second Temple Jerusalem. And I nosh some Bamba - one must have Bamba.
On to Yad Vashem. As always, revisiting the Shoah does not make me cry - it makes me hate Germans, and despair of the way people treat each other. Until I see a reference to Andre Trocme - the Hugenot pastor whose people in Le Chambon Sur Lignon saved hundreds, perhaps thousands of Jews under the noses of the Nazis. I could never hope to be such a religious leader. I will have to screen the film about them, "Weapons of the Spirit", again. It's been a while.
More hope to conclude the day. We go to Jerusalem City Hall and meet a member of the City Council - she's a member the Meretz Party and a professor at Hebrew University. I tell her she is a true optimist. She refers to two states of Israel and Palestine and a fair division of Jerusalem along the lines of the existing Jewish and Muslim neighborhoods. "Nothing's really changed since the Clinton Plan, and it's inevitable. The city is otherwise ungovernable, as are the territories." I dunno. Pray for the peace of Jerusalem.
Saturday, November 14, 2015
Two Days in Israel
A completely uneventful flight. One light moment: one flight attendant says to the others, "Who's turn is it? The guy in 32F has his shoes and socks off and is picking his toes." One of them goes to take care of it. Passport control: three agents and 500 passengers in the hall. What has previously taken 5-10 minutes takes over an hour. Then, rush hour traffic, so the trip to the hotel takes another hour. Already after five o'clock, maybe still time for a quick nap and shower before meeting the group for dinner. No such luck - the electronic key to my room doesn't work. After two trips to the front desk, and waiting 20 minutes for a security guy to let me in, he determines that the system needs a new battery. It's fixed, a quick shower and dinner. A goody bag from the tour company. A walk around the block, the key works (hoorah!), a call to Lynn and away to bed.
In the morning, we are to tour Tel Aviv and Yafo, then back to the Carmel Shuk and then lunch and back to the hotel. The guide at Independence Hall shows a lame but thankfully short video about the founding of Tel Aviv. The narrator says something happened in 1896, but the subtitles say 1898. They still haven't fixed it since the last time I was here 10 years ago. Then the hall guide goes into some weird shtick about how Jews don't know how to swim. What that has to do with Israeli independence I will someday ask Moshe Rabbenu and Rabbi Akivah in the big yeshivah in the sky. At Rabin Square, no one wants to get off the bus except me - I wanted to put a stone on the plaque. But I see that there are no stones. Why? No idea.
Despite all the new construction downtown, the surrounding areas are dingy. Yafo has great views, ancient history, and is as rundown as Tel Aviv. The arts quarter has lots of Yemenite-style clothing and a shop that only sells wines and liqueurs made from pomegranate. But some fresh squeezed pomegranate juice hits the spot!
Across from the shuk, we go to "the best falafel and shwarma place in Tel Aviv." The pita is outstanding, the lamb shwarma pretty damn good. One street of the shuk has so-so arts and crafts, the main street is full of pre-Shabbat shoppers. There are a lot of non-kosher restaurants, and the easy availability of treif meat means we're sure not in Jerusalem.
Services at the Masorti synagogue in the neighborhood are interesting - Nusach Sfard. A bar mitzvah kid appears to not know the kiddush blessing. Maybe he's nervous. The streets are full of cars, cafes are open, no one says "Shabbat Shalom." Whatever.
Dinner is good. Great discussion of all sorts of things around the table. Back upstairs, the electronic key doesn;t work. After two trips to the desk, this time the desk clerk just gives me a regular metal key. It works. Hurrah!
Morning service at the Masorti synagogue is interminable - at least three hours. After the Torah reading (the bar mitzvah kid did a good job on one aliyah), his family runs out and eats all of the kiddush, getting the rabbi pretty pissed off. At lunch, I'm told we're not on the list. After lots of back and forth, the Deputy General Manager calls the tour company and it's straightened out. Back to my room, can't take a nap because the room isn't done.
A walk on the beach. As I marvel at all the people in the water under the "no swimming signs", I hear, "I met you at the shul this morning." He's there with his three kids, in the water. I tell him what I was thinking, and he says, "It's Israel. Nobody listens." No shit.
Back at the room, it's still not made up, so I decide to read as a nap is out of the question. Five o'clock, a knock. Housekeeping? No, a security/maintenance guy tells me housekeeping couldn't get in, what did I do to the lock. After telling him my experience, he fixes the lock, tells me the electronic key works but I should keep the manual key, and says housekeeping is already done for the day, but he'll make a call. Maybe after havdalah and dinner, the room will be done. Maybe after the Moshiach comes. I'm not holding my breath.
Friday, November 6, 2015
AVOIDING ENABLING BEHAVIOR
Torah: Genesis 23:1 - 25:18
Haftarah: 1 Kings 1:1-31
"So the man bowed low and prostrated himself before the Lord. He said, 'Blessed is the Lord, God of my master Abraham, Who has not withheld His kindness and truth from my master. As for me, the Lord has guided me on the way to the house of my master's brethren.'" (Gen. 24:26-27)
All of us have had the experience, at some time or another, of giving in to someone we love when it is really not healthy for them or for us. Parents often have to struggle with their children over toys, television shows, movies, music, activities, etc. Even when the demands of our children might lead to some sort of danger, we sometimes give in, in order to avoid tantrums or crying, because we love them, we want them to be happy, and we really do wish we could give them everything their hearts desire. Other times, when our kids engage in questionable behavior, we ignore it, hoping it is "just a phase" they are going through. We don't want to be "brutally honest" with them. We end up with a spoiled brat or a visit to the emergency room, with all of the guilt that accompanies such things.
Adults do this with each other as well, often with terrible consequences. We buy liquor for loved ones who are alcoholics, believing them when they say they can "handle it". We hope against hope that "this time they really mean it" when they promise to quit drinking, and we ignore the smell of alcohol on their breath. We turn a blind eye and call it "a delicate condition" that will magically disappear whenever the stress of the month goes away. We refuse to confront the truth – and we fail to speak the truth. In the meantime, our relationships with the alcoholic and with others are ruined. People are emotionally and physically destroyed.
The great 19th-century German rabbi, Samson Raphael Hirsch, gets that insight from our parashah. Kindness and truth go together. Kindness without truth is harmful. Truth mediates kindness, keeping it from becoming enabling and destructive. That is why Abraham's servant recites the blessing that he does, for he realizes how truly blessed Abraham is. God has not only been kind to Abraham, He has been truthful. God did not withhold from Abraham the truth about
Shabbat Shalom!
PUTTING GOD SECOND
Parashat Vayera Cheshvan 15, 5783 / November 15-16, 2024 Torah: Genesis 18:1-22:24 Haftarah: Kings II 4:1-37 (Ashkenazic); Kings II 4:1-23 (...
-
Parashat Vayikra (Shabbat Zakhor) 9 Adar II 5776 / 18-19 March 2016 Torah: Leviticus 1:1 - 5:26 Maftir: Deuteronomy 25:17-19 Haftar...
-
Parashat Sh'mot Tevet 25, 5784 / January 5-6, 2024 Torah: Exodus 1:1 - 6:1 Haftarah: Isaiah 27:6 - 28:13; 29:22-23 (Ashkenazim); Jeremia...
-
Parashat Beha’alot’kha Sivan 16, 5784 / June 21-22, 2024 Torah: Numbers 8:1 - 12:16 Haftarah: Zechariah 2:14 - 4:7 -------------------------...